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How old did Ancient Roman Senators have to be to be appointed? And who chose them.?
A simple two part question.
How old did Romans have to be to be appointed as a Senator
and
Who chose the Senators?
It varied somewhat over the centuries. The basics remained the same:
There was a property qualification: you had to have over a certain amount of property to qualify.
You were not allowed to be actively involved in business. You could be a sleeping partner, but not an active partner.
If you ancestors were members of the senate (at least your father and grandfather), that was a very big help too.
Under the age of 30 was a rare exception. The most common ones: for conspicuous bravery in war. Winners of of a Corona were automatically enrolled as senators under the Sullan reforms. If they lacked the property qualification, they were given enough to qualify. And for certain priesthoods automatic enrollment applied.
Caesar got both exceptions: he was made priest by Marius at 12 or 13 and became thus automatic senator. He lost his seat under Sulla (and almost his life). But only a year or so later he won the Corona Civica and entered the senate again. But this was exceptionally rare. I don't recall anybody else who managed it.
Once senator it wasn't automatically for life. Every 5 years the censors checked if everybody qualified for his status in both financial and moral aspects. (This was an excellent way to get rid of your enemies and used a lot.)
Under the republic the senate itself choose senators, under the empire, the emperor appointed senators.
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