In the early civilization period.
Agriculture ties the people to the land and concentrates them in the most fertile areas. This puts a lot of stress on local resources.
Fresh water is needed and it gets contaminated by waste from lots of humans and livestock.
Trees are cut down for firewood and building material, causing rainwater to run off faster and areas turn to desert. In fact, many areas in the Middle East that are now desert were once green and wet.
When land is turned into farmland it destroys the natural habitats for wildlife. Also, rivers are diverted for irrigation and this takes water away from the forests and animals that depended on it.
There's also more intense competition for the best land, causing wars. People need to defend their land instead of just moving away since it's hard to find really good farmland.
Hope that helps.
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